The 48-day Department of Homeland Security shutdown is one step closer to ending after the Senate moved to fund most of the department Thursday morning.
The Senate agreed via voice vote to send a bipartisan deal funding the whole department except for President Donald Trump's immigration enforcement and border security efforts to the House for consideration.
The chamber is not expected to vote on the legislation until House lawmakers return to Washington on April 13.
The Senate vote follows GOP leaders endorsing a two-track approach to funding DHS on Wednesday, with President Trump giving lawmakers a hard deadline to end the record-breaking funding lapse.
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The Senate bill accomplishes the first phase of the plan by working with Democrats to fund as much of DHS as possible on a bipartisan basis. However, it would zero out funding for ICE and much of the Border Patrol, save for $11 billion in customs funding going to the agency. Additionally, $10 billion teed up for ICE won't be funded under the measure.
As for ICE and the Border Patrol, Republicans have said they will seek three full years of funding for both of these agencies in a party-line budget reconciliation package that will bypass Democrats' opposition. Trump says he wants the forthcoming bill on his desk by June 1.
"We are going to work as fast, and as focused, as possible to replenish funding for our Border and ICE Agents, and the Radical Left Democrats won't be able to stop us," Trump wrote on Truth Social on Wednesday.
The Senate bill's passage on Thursday was a déjà vu moment for Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., who helped steer the same measure through the upper chamber last week.
But House GOP leadership sharply rejected it, calling the measure's exclusion of ICE and CBP money a "crap sandwich" and warning about the risks of funding those entities using the budget reconciliation process. The chamber then put forward a rival proposal that Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., made clear was "dead on arrival" in the Senate.
Thune said shortly after the vote that he was hopeful the House would move onto the bill quickly, and that the next step would be budget reconciliation. Still, he blamed Senate Democrats, and not Republicans in-fighting at the finish line, for the current position Congress was in.
"I think this whole where we are is just a regrettable place. We have the Democrats who are holding the appropriations process hostage and their anti-law enforcement, open borders, defund the police wing is the ascendant wing," Thune said. "And there, I think everybody's afraid of them, and so we're stuck in a spot that's just not good for the country, the future of the appropriations process, or, for that matter, the future of the Senate."
House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., appeared to relent Wednesday after Trump issued a statement outlining an end to the shutdown that appeared to side with Thune's two-part approach to funding the department.
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As the DHS shutdown drags on, Trump and congressional Republicans are gambling that budget reconciliation will be the way to fund immigration enforcement for several years to come. Some Republicans have floated funding ICE not just through Trump's term, but for up to a decade.
The GOP used the same process to fund ICE last year, teeing up $75 billion for enforcement operations for the next four fiscal years.
But the party-line process comes with a host of challenges that could test Republican unity in an election year.
GOP lawmakers will have to identify spending cuts to pay for it. When Republicans used the process to pass Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill Act in July 2025, lawmakers nearly stumbled at the finish line over disagreements on cuts to federal Medicaid spending and food assistance programs.
Without a looming deadline like the expiration of Trump's 2017 tax cuts that Republicans extended in July 2025 through the "big, beautiful bill," some GOP lawmakers have voiced concern that the party will stay unified.
Republicans have proposed adding other issues into the reconciliation mix, including supplemental funding for the Iran war, affordability measures, the president's tariff regime and pieces of the election integrity-focused SAVE America Act.
The budget reconciliation process allows a party with control of the White House and both chambers of Congress to pass tax and spending priorities with a simple majority threshold, though the process is governed by stringent requirements for what is eligible to be included.
Punting ICE and CBP money to a future spending bill could also negatively affect support staff employed by both agencies who have not been paid during the seven-week shutdown.
Democrats have repeatedly blocked funding for ICE and the Border Patrol in the Senate since the beginning of the shutdown in mid-February. Though none of their proposals to reform immigration enforcement have been adopted, Democratic leaders claimed victory on Wednesday.
"Throughout this fight, Senate Democrats never wavered," Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., said Wednesday. "We were clear from the start: fund critical security, protect Americans, and no blank check for reckless ICE and Border Patrol enforcement.
"We were united, held the line, and refused to let Republican chaos win."
The Senate deal funding most of DHS could still face roadblocks in the House. A handful of conservatives have already said they will vote "no" while using the same messaging employed by House GOP leadership to oppose the bill last week.
"Let's make this simple: caving to Democrats and not paying CBP and ICE is agreeing to defund Law Enforcement and leaving our borders wide open again," Rep. Scott Perry, R-Pa., wrote on social media Wednesday. "If that's the vote, I'm a NO."
